Restricted diffusion

• Acute ischemic stroke
• Neoplastic: e.g., lymphoma, glioblastoma, medulloblastoma.
• Inflammatory: e.g., multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
• Infectious: e.g., abscess, empyema, ventriculitis, herpes encephalitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
• Vascular: e.g., arterial or venous infarction, global hypoxic-ischemic injury, posterior reversible
• encephalopathy syndrome.
• Toxic: e.g., carbon monoxide, methanol, ethylene glycol, Wernicke encephalopathy, chemotherapy.
• Metabolic: e.g., osmotic demyelination, hypoglycemic encephalopathy, hepatic encephalopathy.
• Congenital: e.g., epidermoid cyst, mitochondrial diseases.
• Traumatic: diffuse axonal injury, hematoma.
• Seizure (status epilepticus).
• Treatment: radiosurgery, antiangiogenic therapy.